| HM (n = 198)a | ST (n = 164)a | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic parameters | |||
 Age (yrs) | 58 (14) | 62 (13) | 0.007 |
 Race |  |  | 0.2 |
 White | 161 (81%) | 120 (73%) |  |
 Black | 21 (11%) | 20 (12%) |  |
 Hispanic | 4 (2.0%) | 4 (2.4%) |  |
 Other Race | 12 (6.1%) | 20 (12%) |  |
 Female | 70 (35%) | 64 (39%) | 0.5 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30 (9) | 28 (8) | 0.022 |
 Tobacco use | 115 (62%) | 115 (74%) | 0.023 |
Cardiac biomarkers | |||
 Ejection fraction (%) | 59 (15) | 64 (12) | 0.090 |
 B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/ml) | 2,275 (4,279) | 867 (1,317) |  < 0.001 |
 Troponin I (ng/ml) | 1.7 (4.8) | 4.6 (17.2) | 0.13 |
 Creatine Kinase MB (ng/ml) | 7 (17) | 12 (29) | 0.2 |
 Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 6.71 (1.36) | 8.06 (1.97) |  < 0.001 |
Post-mortem parameters | |||
 Atherosclerosis (more than mild) | 72 (43%) | 74 (50%) | 0.2 |
 Heart weight (g) | 487 (126) | 440 (129) | 0.001 |
 Left ventricle thickness (cm) | 1.62 (0.36) | 1.63 (0.41) | 0.9 |
 Right ventricle thickness (cm) | 0.55 (0.21) | 0.53 (0.23) | 0.4 |
 Septal wall thickness (cm) | 1.51 (0.45) | 1.50 (0.39) | 0.8 |
Myocardial morphology | |||
 Collagen fiber alignment | 0.71 (0.23) | 0.83 (0.12) | 0.027 |
 Interstitial fibrosis (%) | 0.25 (0.10) | 0.26 (0.12) | 0.9 |
 Cardiomyocyte nuclei (#) | 56 (19) | 72 (23) | 0.002 |
Cardiomyocyte minor axis length (µm) | 25 (3) | 25 (3) | 0.42 |