Fig. 3

Plasma metabolite dysregulation in left ventricular dysfunction. A Principal component analysis of all significant metabolites combined. B Schematic of differentially expressed metabolites (red) converging to the glutamate synthesis pathway. C Overall top differentially expressed metabolites in LVD (n = 10) versus control patients (n = 40). D, E Sex-specific differentially expressed metabolites in males (control = 16, LVD = 6, D) and females (control = 22, LVD = 4, E)